Mathematical Modeling and Analysis
The evolution of a liquid foam usually mixes quasi-equilibrium topological and geometrical features in an intricate way. We take advantage of special properties of ferrofluid froths and of constrained area evolution simulations, to distinguish the effects of side swapping (T1 processes) from other rearrangements in the froth. Cell elongation characterizes the froth and its deviation from mechanical equilibrium as robustly as the usually measured total wall length, that is surface energy.